L’animation en tant qu’action communautaire Development resulting from community action

L’action communautaire se réfère à toute initiative émanant d’une communauté (locale, d’identité ou d’intérêts) ou d’institutions publiques, par l’entremise de professionnels, en vue d’apporter une solution collective à un problème social ou à un besoin commun. Son histoire est multiple et, dans certains pays, documentée de manière fragmentaire. Elle peut adopter une stratégie consensuelle, conscientisante, voire conflictuelle, toujours en partant du principe que les citoyens sont les meilleurs experts de leur vécu, qu’ils possèdent des ressources et que le processus créé par l’action renforce leur pouvoir d’agir.


Jean-Marie Lafortune
Co-editor, Journal Sociocultural community development and practices Professor, Department of social and public communication, University of Quebec in Montreal, Canada lafortune.jean-marie@uqam.ca

André Antoniadis
Co-editor, Journal Sociocultural community development and practices Professor, High School of social work and health • EESP • Lausanne, Swiss HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland andre.antoniadis@eesp.chCommunity action refers to any initiatives that come from a community (local, identity-based, or interest-based) or from public institutions, through professionals, with the goal of providing a collective solution to a social problem or common need.Its history is multifaceted and, in some countries, barely documented.It can use strategies that are consensus-based, that raise awareness, or that even involve conflict, as long as it is based on the principle that citizens have the mostaware knowledge of their experiences, that they have resources, and that the process created by the action increases their power to act.

Analyses
The most common reference to empowerment by actors who want to make it play contrasted roles, whether they join militant circles or those of management, requiers the renewal of the questioning on the signification and the impact of this strategy of intervention to which professional sociocultural developpers frequently turn.In his text « L'empowerment radical : jalons pour une animation critique », Jean-Marc Ziegelmeyer scrutinizes the contradictory uses of the concept.The theoretical conflicts that arouses are linked to major political choices from which social workers cannot exempt themselves if they wish to define a new professional framework in sync with the contemporary political issues.The author proposes a critique from a genealogical approach which consider concerned theories and practices according to what is at stake in matter of truth and power.
The need for understanding the social impacts of community methodologies leads to think about the reflexive processes which result from the relation between the subject and the object collectivized in the very methodological process, thus treated with certain elements which occur in this relation.Consequently, the role which ensues from the political intentionality of sociocultural community development and the role of the sociocultural community developpers authorize or not to generate scenarios which widen the social impact and the capacity to set up political subjects, which in their turn can become multipliers of changes.The limits of this analysis, examined by Carolina Márquez Herrera in her article « La intencionalidad politica de la animación y el papel del animador sociocultural », are observed from experiences led in the cities of Bogota and Medellín.
With the budgetary recession and the transformations of the models of governance, evaluation knew an unprecedented craze and made its entrance to all professional fields, including the ocial one.For Ulrike Armbruster Elatifi, Sylvia Garcia Delahaye, Joëlle Libois, et Danièle Warynski, authors of the text « L'évaluation participative : un outil d'émancipation étayé par les multiples formes des nouveaux outils numériques », the problem is to know how to evaluate services in a domain such as sociocultural community development, which takes root in democratic values such as citizenship, participation and empowerment.To answer this interrogation, they opted for a methodology and an epistemological positioning based on two principles: the requirement to give place to multiple points of view of the actors launched in a process of participative evaluation and a research-intervention based on the co-construction of a tool for collecting data which leans on new media.They share, here, certain theoretical and methodological reflections, hypotheses and observations aroused in the course of this experiment.
Luz Nayeli Ortiz López presents, in her article entitled « Retos y dificultades en los proyectos de participación comunitaria con adolescentes: reflexiones desde los facilitadores », a series of questions concerning some of the challenges and difficulties facilitators face in interventions of community participation with teenagers.Among her reflections she includes an initial discussion of the conceptual complexity of these projects, continuing with an analysis of qualitative character of the theoretical and methodological base proposed by community psychology and its relation with concrete experiences of intervention by means of interviews with facilitators of community projects who seek to promote the participation of teenagers, as well as for literature review and proper experiences in this type of projects.In this line, they put into light different challenges and difficulties, which relate among others to political, social, methodological and technical elements, as well as the ways of proceeding, highlighting the relevancy of place-based interventions and the need to consider the multiple variables that coexist, as well as the complexity of the process in general.
The project of a private psychiatric hospital for teenagers articulates in an innovative approach of the management of the patient care, studies and sociocultural community development, including artists' presence following a circassian speciality developed by the establishment.The professional sociocultural community developpers seem here closely associated to the medical team in a global and multidimensional design of the care.However, while the interweaving of three logics is validated by the institution, the empirical investigation reveals tensions between the visions and the roles of the various categories of professionals.According to Françoise Liot and Sarah Montero, who sign the text « Quelle place pour l'animation dans un projet de soin global ?», it demonstrates that the function of the sociocultural community development, still widely subjected to the logic and to the imperatives of the care, has to fight for the respect of its specificity.

Experiments
The diffusion and dissemination of information both scientific and academic, under the responsibility of schools and universities, must benefit a specific space so that their work and research can be shared with students and teachers in any academic field on the planet through the Internet.A feasible project, for Jesús Armando Abreu Jiménez, author of "Radio Web como mecanismo de divulgación científico-académica", by setting a radial space via the Web to spread the achievements of research groups.Outcomes are focused on the implementation of the programs Pegatepa'lla for high school teenagers as well as Tertulia Educativa aimed at university teachers and students, as a communication strategy.
To approach the link to art and think of the possible extension of the public through the relation between various actors of a territory, such is the challenge that a cultural team settled.The observation of the conduct of a project in a home of migrant workers, told by Danielle Bellini in her text « La fabrique des possibles », shows the way the processes of creation, distribution and mediation join other dimensions of space and time then those proposed by the classic logics of attendance of equipment.This study puts the relationship to the art as esthetic experience, in a relational dynamics of trust and exchange.It suggests opening new avenues of research where the classic lines of the artistic representation and of sociological analysis are overtaking to envisage a construction of the possible.
Few socio-ethnographical studies evoke the importance of football in the processes of socialization of young people.This search, led by Mathieu Sechaud, aims to be resolutely inductive and bases itself on the ethnographical observation of the Jeunesse Sportive Lafarge Limoges ( JSL), a football club of a district of Limoges (Limousin).In his article entitled « Approche socio-ethnographique des processus de socialisation chez les adolescents d'une équipe de football amateur », the author underlines the importance of competitive spirit and the good-companionship, but also the emergence of more educational institutional concerns which strike this environment.A more attentive observation of these quasi-daily meetings between players, educators and parents reveals more complex and mutual processes of apprenticeship and socialization between young people and the club.
This edition ends on one hand, by the opening speech of the VIIIth international conference of the Réseau international de l'animation (RIA), pronounced in Algiers on November 27th, 2017 by Jean-Claude Gillet, honorary professor and founder of the RIA, and on the other hand, by a note on a recent work directed by Francis Lebon and Emmanuel de Lescure (L'éducation populaire au tournant du XXIe siècle, Éditions du Croquant, 2016), signed by Baptiste Besse-Patin.
The next edition of the Review, planned for spring 2018, will have for theme « Issues and practices of diagnoses of territories ».The deadline to submit an article or a report for this edition is April 14th, 2018 (see instructions: www.atps.uqam.ca/auteurs_en.php).We also accept any time texts to appear in the open section.
La necesidad por comprender los impactos sociales de las metodologías comunitarias conllevan a pensar en los procesos reflexivos que se dan a partir de la relación entre el sujeto y el objeto colectivizada en el proceso metodológico en sí, por ello se aborda con algunos elementos que se dan entre esta relación.Por consiguiente, el papel que se da a partir de la intencionalidad política de la animación y el papel que tiene el animador permiten o no generar escenarios que posibilitan los alcances sociales y la capacidad para configurar sujetos politizados, que a su vez se vuelven multiplicadores de cambios.Los límites de este análisis son examinados por Carolina Márquez Herrera, en su artículo « La intencionalidad politica de la animación y el papel del animador sociocultural », a partir de la animación de las ciudades de Bogotá y Medellín.
Abordar el informe en el arte y pensar en el ensanche posible de los públicos a través de la relación entre diferentes actores de un territorio, tal es el desafío que un equipo cultural se fijó.La observación de la conducta de un proyecto en un hogar de trabajadores emigrantes, relatada por Danielle Bellini en su texto « La fabrique des possibles », muestra el modo en el que los procesos de creación, de difusión y de mediación se inscriben en otras dimensiones del espacio y del tiempo que las propuestas por las lógicas clásicas de frecuentación de los equipos.Este estudio pone el informe al arte como experiencia estética, en una dinámica relacional de confianza y de intercambio.Así propone abrir nuevas pistas de investigación donde el desplazamiento de las líneas clásicas de la representación artística acompaña el adelantamiento de las formas clásicas del análisis sociológico para contemplar una construcción de lo posible.