Le constitutionnalisme global au-delà de l’horizon occidental

Le point de vue de l’Afrique subsaharienne et de l’Amérique latine

Abstract

This paper contributes to the effort of a normative critique against the westernized prisms of the theoretical orientations of global constitutionalism that marginalize the evolutions, specificities and variations of extrawestern constitutionalism which are being developed in other regions of the world. Taking as a case study the new Latin American constitutionalism and African neoconstitutionalism, this paper makes a dialogue on the trends, variations and innovations of these regional constitutionalisms in Latin America and Sub-Saharan Africa. The interest of the reflection undertaken in this paper is to put into perspective the originalities and advances of constitutionalism in the South, built and developed on the basis of so-called universal values such as democracy, human rights, and the rule of law, but which undoubtedly incorporate a local and endogenous, social, cultural and psychological dimension that enhances its legitimacy, effectiveness and efficiency. Without neglecting their constitutional past, the constitutionalisms of the South develops a constitutional paradigm in accordance with the demands of the contemporary world and the changes that are emerging for the future, while providing arguments and reflections that revitalize an intellectual autonomy that liberates the “South” from the “follower” trend, allowing it to make its own contribution to the solution of constitutional questions that arise in all countries of the world.

Ikisiri – Swahili 

Makala hii inachangia katika juhudi anuwai za kukukosoa mikabala ya kimagharibi iliyo na mielekeo ya kinadharia ya ukatiba wa kidunia ambao huweka kando maendeleo, umahususi na tofauti za ukatiba wa nchi zisizo za kimagharibi mbalimbali ambazo zinazobuniwa kwenye sehemu nyingine duniani. Kwa kutumia mfano wa katiba mpya ya Amerika Kusini na katiba mpya za Kiafrika, makala hii inajadili  juu ya mwelekeo, tofauti na ubunifu wa katiba hizi za kikanda huko Amerika Kusini na kwa nchi za kiafrika zilizopo Kusini mwa Jangwa la Sahara. Lengo la fikra zinazojengwa katika makala hii ni kuweka bayana mtazamo halisi wa maendeleo  ya katiba ya  kusini kama ilivyojengwa na kukuzwa kwa misingi wa zile zinazoitwa maadili ya ulimwengu kama vile demokrasia , haki za binadamu na utawala wa sheria. Lakini ambazo kwazo zinajumuisha pia mkabala wa kiasili wa watu, kijamii, kitamaduni na kisaikolojia ambavyo kwa hakika huviongezea uhalali na umaridadi wake. Bila kupuuza historia yao ya kikatiba, katiba ya kusini huunda dhana ya kikatiba ambayo inakidhi mahitaji ya ulimwengu wa leo na mabadiliko yanayojitokeza kwa siku zijazo. Wakati huo huo ikitoa hoja na fikra zinazofufua uhuru wa kitaaluma ambao huikomboa “sehemu ya kusini” kutoka kwenye  mwelekeo wa kuwa “mfuasi” na hivyo kuiruhusu kutoa mchango wake mwenyewe katika kutatua maswali ya kikatiba ambayo yanaibuka katika nchi zote za ulimwengu.